The Mythical Founding of Rome and the City’s Patron Deity
The founding of Rome is steeped in myth and legend, with the story of its origins tracing back to the mythical twin brothers Romulus and Remus. According to the legend, Romulus and Remus were the sons of the god Mars and the vestal virgin Rhea Silvia. Born into the royal family of Alba Longa, the brothers were abandoned as infants and left to die by the Tiber River. However, they were rescued and nurtured by a she-wolf, who suckled them and raised them as her own.
As the twins grew older, they became natural leaders and eventually decided to found their own city. A bitter argument ensued between the brothers over where to build the city, with each brother favoring a different location. Romulus wanted to build the city on Palatine Hill, while Remus favored Aventine Hill. Unable to resolve their differences, they turned to the gods for guidance.
According to the legend, Romulus and Remus decided to consult the gods by observing the flight of birds. They each stationed themselves on their respective hills and waited for a sign from the gods. However, Remus became impatient and crossed over to Palatine Hill to taunt his brother. In a fit of rage, Romulus killed his brother, proclaiming himself the sole ruler of the new city.
Romulus went on to establish the city of Rome on Palatine Hill and named it after himself. He also took steps to populate the city by inviting outcasts and criminals to join him. To ensure the city’s survival, Romulus also enacted a law that allowed for the abduction and marriage of women from neighboring tribes.
Despite the violent and bloodthirsty nature of its founding, Rome would go on to become one of the greatest empires in history, lasting for centuries and leaving a lasting legacy on Western civilization. The city was known for its engineering accomplishments, military prowess, and political innovations, and became a symbol of power and grandeur in the ancient world.
One of the key figures in the founding and development of Rome was its patron deity, the goddess Roma. Roma was a personification of the city itself, representing its virtues and values and serving as a protector and guardian for its citizens. She was often depicted as a powerful and majestic figure, wearing a helmet and holding a sword and shield.
Roma was worshipped throughout the city and played a central role in its religious and civic life. Temples were dedicated to her, and she was honored in public ceremonies and rituals. In times of war, the Roman army would swear oaths of loyalty to her, and sacrifices were made in her honor to ensure victory and protection.
Roma was also closely associated with the emperors of Rome, who were often depicted in art and sculpture alongside her. The emperors were seen as the earthly representatives of the goddess, embodying her power and authority. They used her image to legitimize their rule and to promote the unity and strength of the empire.
In addition to Roma, the city of Rome had a plethora of other deities and spirits that were worshipped and revered. The Romans believed in a pantheon of gods and goddesses, each with their own domain and powers. Jupiter, the king of the gods, was worshipped as the protector of the city and the guardian of its people. Juno, his wife, was the goddess of marriage and childbirth and was seen as a protector of women and children.
Mars, the father of Romulus and Remus, was the god of war and agriculture and was revered by the Roman army. Venus, the goddess of love and beauty, was celebrated as the mother of the Roman people. Bacchus, the god of wine and revelry, was worshipped in festivals and ceremonies throughout the city.
The Romans also paid homage to the spirits of their ancestors, believing that their deceased loved ones watched over and protected them from the afterlife. These spirits were honored in rituals and ceremonies, and offerings were made to ensure their continued goodwill.
The founding of Rome and the worship of its patron deity Roma played a crucial role in shaping the identity and culture of the city. The myths and legends surrounding its origins served as a foundation for the development of Roman society and politics, and the reverence for Roma as a guardian and protector instilled a sense of pride and loyalty in its citizens.
Despite its legendary beginnings, the city of Rome stood as a testament to the power and resilience of human ingenuity and ambition. From its humble origins as a small settlement on the banks of the Tiber River, Rome grew into a mighty empire that left an indelible mark on the world. And at the heart of it all was the mythical founding of Rome and the city’s patron deity, Roma, who watched over and guided her people through the ages.
